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Environmental toxicants and fetal development is the impact of different toxic substances from the environment on the development of the fetus. This article deals with potential adverse effects of environmental toxicants on the prenatal development of both the embryo or fetus, as well as pregnancy complications. The human embryo or fetus is ...
The term fetal alcohol effects (FAE) was used for alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder and alcohol-related birth defects. [1] It was initially used in research studies to describe humans and animals in whom teratogenic effects were seen after confirmed prenatal alcohol exposure (or unknown exposure for humans), but without obvious ...
FAS disrupts normal development of the fetus, which may cause certain developmental stages to be delayed, skipped, or immaturely developed. [12] Since alcohol elimination is slow in a fetus than in an adult and the fact that they do not have a developed liver to metabolize the alcohol, alcohol levels tend to remain high and stay in the fetus ...
Ethanol does not bind to plasma proteins or other biomolecules. [13] [2] [3] The rate of distribution depends on blood supply, [4] specifically the cross-sectional area of the local capillary bed and the blood flow per gram of tissue. [13] As such, ethanol rapidly affects the brain, liver, and kidneys, which have high blood flow. [2]
The severity of effects alcohol may have on a developing fetus depends upon the amount and frequency of alcohol consumed as well as the stage of pregnancy. Rates of alcohol consumption can generally be categorized in one of three ways: heavy drinking (more than 48-60 grams of ethanol/day), moderately high drinking (24-48 grams of ethanol/day ...
Alcohol passes through the placenta on being ingested by the mother during her pregnancy, and makes its way to the baby in utero. [20] Changes posed to the fetus through ethanol exposure may significantly effect growth and development; these are collectively known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). [20]
The study, published in Environmental Health Perspectives, examined the effects of PM2.5, a mixture of microscopic particles measuring less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter. These particles can ...
Maternal nutrition and the avoidance of drugs, alcohol and other substances during all nine months of pregnancy (especially the critical period when the nervous system is developing) is important to the development of the fetus and its memory systems. The use of certain substances can entail long-term permanent effects on the fetus that can ...