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A recreated map of Paris in 1380. In the middle of the 14th century, Paris was struck by two great catastrophes: the Bubonic plague and the Hundred Years' War. In the first epidemic of the plague in 1348–1349, forty to fifty thousand Parisians died, a quarter of the population. The plague returned in 1360–1361, 1363, and 1366–1368.
Paris (French pronunciation: ⓘ) is the capital and largest city of France.With an estimated population of 2,102,650 residents in January 2023 [2] in an area of more than 105 km 2 (41 sq mi), [5] Paris is the fourth-most populous city in the European Union, the ninth-most populous city in Europe and the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. [6]
Paris scriptoria producing illuminated manuscripts flourish. The style of the Paris school is copied throughout France. 1231 Draining of the marshes Le Marais begins. c. 1240 For the first time, the ringing of the bells of the churches of Paris is regulated by clocks, so that all sound at about the same time.
Modern France is the successor state to the Kingdom of France, itself a successor to the Kingdom of West Francia, which came into being in 843 when the empire of Charlemagne was divided. Its rulers styled themselves as "King of the Franks", and their realm continued to be known as Francia, until king Philip II became the first to refer to ...
Known as Lutetia (Lutece) in ancient times, Paris was conquered by Julius Caesar in 52 BC and existed as a regional center under the Romans and in the early Middle Ages. In 987, Hugh Capet , Count of Paris , became king of France, and under his successors, the Capetians, the city's position as the nation's capital became established.
Louis XIV, known as the "Sun King", reigned over France from 1643 until 1715. Louis continued his predecessors' work of creating a centralized state governed from Paris, sought to eliminate remnants of feudalism in France, and subjugated and weakened the aristocracy.
The Freemasons were not a religious community, but functioned like one and had a powerful impact on events in Paris in the 18th century. The first lodge in France, the Grand Loge de France, was founded on 24 June 1738 on the rue des Boucheries, and was led by the Duke of Antin. By 1743, there were sixteen lodges in Paris, and their grand master ...
The coat of arms of the league of Paris river merchants in the Middle Ages became the emblem of the city of Paris Commerce was a major source of the wealth and influence of Paris in the Middle Ages. Even before the Roman conquest of Gaul, the first inhabitants of the city, the Parisii , had traded with cities as far away as Spain and Eastern ...