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Women rights in Francoist Spain (1939–1975) and the democratic transition (1975–1985) were limited. The Franco regime immediately implemented draconian measures that legally incapacitated women, making them dependents of their husbands , fathers or the state.
Francoist Spain was a quasi-fascist state whose ideology rejected what it considered the inorganic democracy of the Second Republic. It was an embrace of organic democracy, defined as a reassertion of traditional Spanish Roman Catholic values that served as a counterpoint to the Communism of the Soviet Union during the same period.
This largely excluded women, as only widowed women were generally considered heads of household. [5] Women's suffrage also changed because of rules around the age of majority and the voting age. [6] [7] The age of majority for women became 23 as a result of the imposition of the reintroduction of the Civil Code of 1889, Article 321. This ...
The informal term "Fascist Spain" is also used, especially before and during World War II. The nature of the regime evolved and changed during its existence. Months after the start of the Civil War in July 1936, Franco emerged as the dominant rebel military leader and was proclaimed head of state on 1 October 1936, ruling a dictatorship over ...
Women in 1930s Francoist Spain experienced major changes to marriage. Civil marriages that took place between 1932 and 1939 were annulled, and only if both partners were Roman Catholic were they permitted to remarry.
Gender roles in Francoist Spain became more regressive following the end of the Spanish Civil War. Women, who had achieved some degree of liberation during the Second Republic, were forced back into the home. Misogyny and heteronormativity became linchpins in the new fascist Spain, underpinned by Hispanic eugenics.
Broader goals around women included utilizing them to increase the population, strengthen the family around a patriarchal structure and control the lives of women. [5] Francoism stripped women of all their individual autonomy. It defined women based on their social morality. The state imposed this through legislative means. [3]
Francoist Spain was a pseudo-fascist state whose ideology rejected what it considered the inorganic democracy of the Second Republic. It was an embrace of organic democracy, defined as a reassertion of traditional Spanish Roman Catholic values that served as a counterpoint to the Communism of the Soviet Union during the same period.