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  2. Mesopelagic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopelagic_zone

    The mesopelagic zone plays a key role in the ocean's biological pump, which contributes to the oceanic carbon cycle. In the biological pump, organic carbon is produced in the surface euphotic zone where light promotes photosynthesis. A fraction of this production is exported out of the surface mixed layer and into the mesopelagic zone.

  3. Pelagic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_zone

    Altogether, the pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km 3 (320 million mi 3) with a mean depth of 3.68 km (2.29 mi) and maximum depth of 11 km (6.8 mi). [2] [3] [4] Pelagic life decreases as depth increases. The pelagic zone contrasts with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the ...

  4. Water column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_column

    The mesopelagic zone is a layer of the oceanic zone lying beneath the epipelagic zone and above the bathypelagic zone, at depths generally between 200 and 1,000 m (656 and 3,280 ft). The mesopelagic zone receives very little sunlight and is home to many bioluminescent organisms.

  5. Oceanic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_zone

    The Mesopelagic (disphotic) zone, which is where only small amounts of light penetrate, lies below the Epipelagic zone. This zone is often referred to as the "Twilight Zone" due to its scarce amount of light. Temperatures in the Mesopelagic zone range from 5 to 4 °C (41 to 39 °F).

  6. Cyclothone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclothone

    All species in the genus Cyclothone live in the midwater range of the deep sea, and are most commonly found in the mesopelagic zone at 300–1500 meters depth (roughly 1,000-5,000 feet). [7] The deep sea is an extreme habitat, and life in the deep ocean has specialized adaptations to survive.

  7. Marine snow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_snow

    The particulate organic carbon formed in the euphotic zone is processed by marine microorganisms (microbes), zooplankton and their consumers into organic aggregates (marine snow), which is then exported to the mesopelagic (200–1000 m depth) and bathypelagic zones by sinking and vertical migration by zooplankton and fish.

  8. Aphotic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphotic_zone

    The abyssal zone extends from 4,000 metres (13,123 ft) to 6,000 metres (19,685 ft) or 6,500 metres (21,325 ft), depending on the authority. The hadal zone refers to the greatest depths, deeper than the abyssal zone. Some twilight occurs in the mesopelagic zone, but creatures below the mesopelagic must be able to live in complete darkness. [5] [6]

  9. Bathypelagic zone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathypelagic_zone

    The bathypelagic zone or bathyal zone (from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep) is the part of the open ocean that extends from a depth of 1,000 to 4,000 m (3,300 to 13,000 ft) below the ocean surface. It lies between the mesopelagic above and the abyssopelagic below.