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The plant has evolved to grow a caudex as the benefits of ants outweighs the costs. [4] Ant defecation is beneficial to the plant as the plant can absorb nutrients from it as well as the gases the ants release. Ants have high diets in animal tissue which is correlated to a faster release of nutrients and they trim encroaching vegetation. [4]
Plant Image Pests Artemisias: repels insects, [2] including ants, cabbage looper, cabbage maggot, carrot fly, codling moth, flea beetles, whiteflies, the Cabbage White, and the Small White, as well as mice [3] Basil: repels flies, including mosquitoes [2] [4] the carrot fly, asparagus beetles and whiteflies [3] Borage: repels tomato hornworm ...
These plants also have a built in defense against climbing animals; even a slight tap or brush against the outside of an inhabited plant causes ants to come spilling out. Most species of ants that live within Myrmecodia species have no sting however, but the rush of ants combined with many small bites is enough to startle and warn any potential ...
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The plant also produces food bodies that the ants use as their main food source. The ants in turn defend the plant against predation by herbivorous caterpillars and fungi . Adding to the complexity of this food web is the beetle Tarsobaenus letourneauae , a specialized predator which lives in the plant's petioles and feeds upon the ants and ...
Hydnophytum moseleyanum, commonly known as smooth ant plant, is a plant in the coffee and gardenia family Rubiaceae native to the Philippines, New Guinea and Cape York Peninsula in Australia. It is an epiphyte that inhabits mangrove forest and rainforest, and it forms a symbiotic relationship with certain species of ants.
Nepenthes bicalcarata is a myrmecotroph (ant-fed plant), obtaining nutrients from C. schmitzi in the form of egesta and, occasionally, ant remains. It has been estimated that this input accounts for 42% of the plant's total foliar nitrogen (76% in plants with ant occupancy rates above 75%). [ 5 ]
The genus comprises 13 species total, all of which have rhizomes associated with ants. [1] [4] Subgenus Lecanopteris is monophyletic, and Myrmecopteris is paraphyletic and contains L. sinuosa. Within the sub-genus, L. sinuosa is sister to Lecanopteris crustacea, Lecanopteris sarcopus (syn. L. lomarioides), and sub-genus Lecanopteris.