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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a family of electrokinetic separation methods performed in submillimeter diameter capillaries and in micro- and nanofluidic channels.Very often, CE refers to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), but other electrophoretic techniques including capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF), capillary isotachophoresis and micellar ...
An example Gel documentation system, showing the results of gel electrophoresis on a connected monitor.. A gel doc, also known as a gel documentation system, gel image system or gel imager, refers to equipment widely used in molecular biology laboratories for the imaging and documentation of nucleic acid and protein suspended within polyacrylamide or agarose gels.
The limit of resolution for standard agarose gel electrophoresis is around 750 kb, but resolution of over 6 Mb is possible with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). [7] It can also be used to separate large proteins, and it is the preferred matrix for the gel electrophoresis of particles with effective radii larger than 5–10 nm.
However, in increasing electric field strength, the mobility of high-molecular-weight DNA fragments increases differentially, and the effective range of separation decreases and resolution therefore is lower at high voltage. For optimal resolution of DNA greater than 2kb in size in standard gel electrophoresis, 5 to 8 V/cm is recommended. [6]
DNA bands after electrophoresis. Discontinuous electrophoresis (colloquially disc electrophoresis [a]) is a type of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was developed by Ornstein and Davis. [2] [1] This method produces high resolution and good band definition. It is widely used technique for separating proteins according to size and charge.
Electrophoresis is the motion of charged dispersed particles or dissolved charged molecules relative to a fluid under the influence of a spatially uniform electric field. As a rule, these are zwitterions .
A specific experiment example of an application of native gel electrophoresis is to check for enzymatic activity to verify the presence of the enzyme in the sample during protein purification. For example, for the protein alkaline phosphatase, the staining solution is a mixture of 4-chloro-2-2methylbenzenediazonium salt with 3-phospho-2 ...
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a technique used for the separation of large DNA molecules by applying an electric field that periodically changes direction to a gel matrix. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Unlike standard agarose gel electrophoresis , which can separate DNA fragments of up to 50 kb, PFGE resolves fragments up to 10 Mb. [ 1 ]