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The port numbers in the range from 0 to 1023 (0 to 2 10 − 1) are the well-known ports or system ports. [3] They are used by system processes that provide widely used types of network services. On Unix-like operating systems, a process must execute with superuser privileges to be able to bind a network socket to an IP address using one of the ...
Network administrators were asked to submit a note or place a phone call, "describing the function and socket numbers of network service programs at each HOST". [6] This catalog was subsequently published as RFC 433 in December 1972 and included a list of hosts and their port numbers and the corresponding function used at each host in the network.
A registered port is a network port designated for use with a certain protocol or application.. Registered port numbers are currently assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and were assigned by Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) before March 21, 2001, [1] and were assigned by the Information Sciences Institute (USC/ISI) before 1998.
An ephemeral port is a communications endpoint of a transport layer protocol of the Internet protocol suite that is used for only a short period of time for the duration of a communication session. Such short-lived ports are allocated automatically within a predefined range of port numbers by the IP stack software of a computer operating system.
List of IP protocol numbers: Link aggregation: List of Nortel protocols OSI protocols: List of network protocols (OSI model) Protocol stacks: List of network protocol stacks: Routing: List of ad hoc routing protocols: List of routing protocols: Web services: List of web service protocols
In other textbooks, [1] the term socket refers to a local socket address, i.e. a "combination of an IP address and a port number". In the original definition of socket given in RFC 147, [ 2 ] as it was related to the ARPA network in 1971, "the socket is specified as a 32-bit number with even sockets identifying receiving sockets and odd sockets ...
[1]: §1.1.3 It provides services such as connection-oriented communication, reliability, flow control, and multiplexing. The details of implementation and semantics of the transport layer of the Internet protocol suite , [ 1 ] which is the foundation of the Internet , and the OSI model of general networking are different.
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.