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A log–log plot of y = x (blue), y = x 2 (green), and y = x 3 (red). Note the logarithmic scale markings on each of the axes, and that the log x and log y axes (where the logarithms are 0) are where x and y themselves are 1. Comparison of linear, concave, and convex functions when plotted using a linear scale (left) or a log scale (right).
A logarithmic unit is a unit that can be used to express a quantity (physical or mathematical) on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function applied to the ratio of the quantity and a reference quantity of the same type. The choice of unit generally indicates the type of quantity and the base of the ...
A log amplifier, which may spell log as logarithmic or logarithm and which may abbreviate amplifier as amp or be termed as a converter, is an electronic amplifier that for some range of input voltage has an output voltage approximately proportional to the logarithm of the input:
The logarithm keys (LOG for base 10 and LN for base e) on a TI-83 Plus graphing calculator. Logarithms are easy to compute in some cases, such as log 10 (1000) = 3. In general, logarithms can be calculated using power series or the arithmetic–geometric mean, or be retrieved from a precalculated logarithm table that provides a fixed precision.
When a real number like .007 is denoted alternatively by 7.0 × 10 —3 then it is said that the number is represented in scientific notation.More generally, to write a number in the form a × 10 b, where 1 <= a < 10 and b is an integer, is to express it in scientific notation, and a is called the significand or the mantissa, and b is its exponent. [3]
The linear–log type of a semi-log graph, defined by a logarithmic scale on the x axis, and a linear scale on the y axis. Plotted lines are: y = 10 x (red), y = x (green), y = log(x) (blue). In science and engineering, a semi-log plot/graph or semi-logarithmic plot/graph has one axis on a logarithmic scale, the other on a linear scale.
log-log folded and scales, for working with logarithms of any base and arbitrary exponents. 4, 6, or 8 scales of this type are commonly seen. Ln linear scale used along with the C and D scales for finding natural (base e {\displaystyle e} ) logarithms and e x {\displaystyle e^{x}}
This relationship is true regardless of the base of the logarithmic or exponential function: If is normally distributed, then so is for any two positive numbers , . Likewise, if e Y {\displaystyle \ e^{Y}\ } is log-normally distributed, then so is a Y , {\displaystyle \ a^{Y}\ ,} where 0 < a ≠ 1 {\displaystyle 0<a\neq 1} .