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Atypical bacteria are bacteria that do not get colored by gram-staining but rather remain colorless: they are neither Gram-positive nor Gram-negative. These include the Chlamydiaceae , Legionella and the Mycoplasmataceae (including mycoplasma and ureaplasma ); the Spirochetes and Rickettsiaceae are also often considered atypical.
The urine test strip test for white blood cells detects leukocyte esterase, which is present in azurophilic granules of monocytes and granulocytes (neutrophilic, eosinophilic and basophilic). Bacteria, lymphocytes and epithelial cells from the genitourinary tract do not contain esterases. [ 21 ]
In urine cytology, collected urine is examined microscopically. One limitation, however, is the inability to definitively identify low-grade cancer cells and urine cytology is used mostly to identify high-grade tumors. [4] If the test detects atypical or cancerous cells, further tests may be recommended, such as cystoscopy and a CT scan.
Test strips contain pads impregnated with chemical compounds that change color when they interact with specific elements in the sample, such as glucose, protein and blood, [10] and microscopic examination permits the counting and classification of solid elements of the urine, such as cells, crystals, and bacteria.
In addition, it is indole test-positive, meaning that this organism can split tryptophan to indole, pyruvate, and ammonia. M. morganii also produces urease, allowing it to break down urea. [9] Methyl red tests positive in M. morganii, an indicator dye that turns red due to the bacterium's acid production during fermentation. [7]
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is an example of a nucleic acid amplification test. This test can also be done on a urine sample, urethral swabs in men, or cervical or vaginal swabs in women. [34] Nucleic acid hybridization tests (DNA probe test) also find Chlamydia DNA. A probe test is very accurate but is not as sensitive as NAATs.
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), Cobalamin C HUS [1] Causes: Infection by E coli O157:H7, shigella, salmonella [2] Risk factors: Younger age, female, immunocompromised, or existing renal, urinary, or lower GI disease (because these are the systems involved in the disease) [1] Diagnostic method
Clinicians will often treat symptomatic bacteriuria based on the results of the urine dipstick test while waiting for the culture results. [citation needed] Bacteriuria can usually be detected using a urine dipstick test. The nitrite test detects nitrate-reducing bacteria if growing in high numbers in urine. A negative dipstick test does not ...