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The Argus Cogeneration Plant in San Bernardino County is the only coal-fired power station still operating within the state of California. The Intermountain Power Plant (which is 75% owned by LADWP along with five other Los Angeles area cities) in the state of Utah supplied 20% of the electricity consumed by Los Angeles residents in 2017. [57]
The efficiency of a conventional steam–electric power plant, defined as energy produced by the plant divided by the heating value of the fuel consumed by it, is typically 33 to 48%, limited as all heat engines are by the laws of thermodynamics (See: Carnot cycle). The rest of the energy must leave the plant in the form of heat.
The Geysers is the world's largest geothermal field, containing a complex of 18 geothermal power plants, drawing steam from more than 350 wells, located in the Mayacamas Mountains approximately 72 miles (116 km) north of San Francisco, California.
Dry steam stations are the simplest and oldest design. There are few power stations of this type, because they require a resource that produces dry steam, but they are the most efficient, with the simplest facilities. [25] At these sites, there may be liquid water present in the reservoir, but only steam, not water, is produced to the surface. [25]
Pacific Gas and Electric opened the US' first commercial geothermal power plant at The Geysers in California in September 1960, initially producing eleven megawatts of net power. The Geysers system grew into the world's largest, with an output of 750 MW. [3] It exploits the largest dry steam field, 116 km (72 mi) north of San Francisco. [4]
Geothermal power stations in the United States are located exclusively within the Western United States where geothermal energy potential is highest. The highest concentrations are located in the Mayacamas Mountains and Imperial Valley of California , as well as in Western Nevada .
Located near the San Jose-Milpitas border, it began operations in 2003 with an initial capacity of 188 megawatts. [1] In 2013 it was upgraded to 309 megawatts. [2] The facility uses four natural gas turbines run as a combined-cycle facility where the exhaust from the gas turbine is used to create steam that drives a steam generator. [1]
A simplified diagram of a coal-fired thermal power station. The superheater is the element 19. In many applications, a turbine will make more efficient use of steam energy than a reciprocating engine. However, saturated ("wet") steam at boiling point may contain, or condense into, liquid water droplets, which can cause damage to turbine blades.