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In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μ e) is −9.284 764 6917 (29) × 10 −24 J⋅T −1. [1]
The magnetic moment of the proton was discovered in 1933 by Otto Stern, Otto Robert Frisch and Immanuel Estermann at the University of Hamburg. [15] [16] [17] The proton's magnetic moment was determined by measuring the deflection of a beam of molecular hydrogen by a magnetic field. [18] Stern won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1943 for this ...
According to the shell model, protons or neutrons tend to form pairs of opposite total angular momentum.Therefore, the magnetic moment of a nucleus with even numbers of each protons and neutrons is zero, while that of a nucleus with an odd number of protons and even number of neutrons (or vice versa) will have to be that of the remaining unpaired nucleon.
The nuclear magnetic moment of neutrons and protons is partly predicted by this simple version of the shell model. The magnetic moment is calculated through j, ℓ and s of the "last" nucleon, but nuclei are not in states of well-defined ℓ and s. Furthermore, for odd-odd nuclei, one has to consider the two "last" nucleons, as in deuterium.
Magnetic moment strength (from lower to higher orders of magnitude) Factor (m 2 ⋅A) Value Item 10 −45: 9.0877 × 10 −45 m 2 ⋅A [1] Unit of magnetic moment in the Planck system of units. 10 −27: 4.330 7346 × 10 −27 m 2 ⋅A: Magnetic moment of a deuterium nucleus 10 −26: 1.410 6067 × 10 −26 m 2 ⋅A: Magnetic moment of a proton ...
The magnetic quantum number determines the energy shift of an atomic orbital due to an external magnetic field (the Zeeman effect) — hence the name magnetic quantum number. However, the actual magnetic dipole moment of an electron in an atomic orbital arises not only from the electron angular momentum but also from the electron spin ...
The measurement of neutrino magnetic moments is an active area of research. Experimental results have put the neutrino magnetic moment at less than 1.2 × 10 −10 times the electron's magnetic moment. On the other hand, elementary particles with spin but without electric charge, such as the photon and Z boson, do not have a magnetic moment.
The proton's magnetic moment, symbol μ p, is 2.79 μ N, whereas, if the proton were an elementary Dirac particle, it should have a magnetic moment of 1.0 μ N. Here the unit for the magnetic moments is the nuclear magneton , symbol μ N , an atomic-scale unit of measure .