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  2. Gravitational lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lens

    A light source passes behind a gravitational lens (invisible point mass placed in the center of the image). The aqua circle is the light source as it would be seen if there were no lens, while white spots are the multiple images of the source (see Einstein ring).

  3. Weak gravitational lensing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_gravitational_lensing

    The effects of foreground galaxy cluster mass on background galaxy shapes. The upper left panel shows (projected onto the plane of the sky) the shapes of cluster members (in yellow) and background galaxies (in white), ignoring the effects of weak lensing. The lower right panel shows this same scenario, but includes the effects of lensing.

  4. Gravitational lensing formalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_lensing...

    In weak gravitational lensing, the Jacobian is mapped out by observing the effect of the shear on the ellipticities of background galaxies. This effect is purely statistical; the shape of any galaxy will be dominated by its random, unlensed shape, but lensing will produce a spatially coherent distortion of these shapes.

  5. Relativistic images - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic_images

    Relativistic images are images of gravitational lensing which result due to light deflections by angles ^ > /. This term was coined by Virbhadra and Ellis [ 1 ] in the year 2000 and is used by many researchers working in this field [ 2 ] (see also in [a] , [b] , and [c] .)

  6. Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeler's_delayed-choice...

    Wheeler's cosmic interferometer uses a distant quasar with two paths to equipment on Earth, one direct and one by gravitational lensing. After [2]. In an attempt to avoid destroying normal ideas of cause and effect, some theoreticians [who?] suggested that information about whether there was or was not a second beam-splitter installed could somehow be transmitted from the end point of the ...

  7. Category:Gravitational lensing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Gravitational_lensing

    Gravitational lensing is an effect of gravitation, most commonly associated with General relativity ... Relativistic images; RX J1532.9+3021; S. SDSSJ0946+1006;

  8. Strong gravitational lensing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_gravitational_lensing

    Strong gravitational lensing is a gravitational lensing effect that is strong enough to produce multiple images, arcs, or Einstein rings. Generally, for strong lensing to occur, the projected lens mass density must be greater than the critical density, that is . For point-like background sources, there will be multiple images; for extended ...

  9. Odd number theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odd_number_theorem

    The odd number theorem is a theorem in strong gravitational lensing which comes directly from differential topology. The theorem states that the number of multiple images produced by a bounded transparent lens must be odd .