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  2. Spread spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_spectrum

    Moreover, for a given noise power spectral density (PSD), spread-spectrum systems require the same amount of energy per bit before spreading as narrowband systems and therefore the same amount of power if the bitrate before spreading is the same, but since the signal power is spread over a large bandwidth, the signal PSD is much lower — often ...

  3. Code-division multiple access - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access

    CDMA is a spread-spectrum multiple-access technique. A spread-spectrum technique spreads the bandwidth of the data uniformly for the same transmitted power. A spreading code is a pseudo-random code in the time domain that has a narrow ambiguity function in the frequency domain, unlike other narrow pulse codes. In CDMA a locally generated code ...

  4. Frequency-hopping spread spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-hopping_spread...

    Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a method of transmitting radio signals by rapidly changing the carrier frequency among many frequencies occupying a large spectral band. The changes are controlled by a code known to both transmitter and receiver .

  5. Direct-sequence spread spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Direct-sequence_spread_spectrum

    Direct-sequence spread-spectrum transmissions multiply the symbol sequence being transmitted with a spreading sequence that has a higher rate than the original message rate. Usually, sequences are chosen such that the resulting spectrum is spectrally white. Knowledge of the same sequence is used to reconstruct the original data at the receiving ...

  6. Mortimer Rogoff - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortimer_Rogoff

    Mortimer Alan Rogoff (May 2, 1921 – August 1, 2008) was an American inventor, businessman, and author as well as an amateur photographer and radio operator. He is recognized for his work in spread spectrum technology which is the technology that modern cell phones and GPS systems are based on. He is also considered the grandfather of the ...

  7. ISM radio band - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISM_radio_band

    The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to Article 5 of the ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2012). [2]In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national tables of frequency allocations and utilisations which are within the responsibilities of the appropriate national ...

  8. Chirp spread spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirp_spread_spectrum

    In digital communications, chirp spread spectrum (CSS) is a spread spectrum technique that uses wideband linear frequency modulated chirp pulses to encode information. [1] A chirp is a sinusoidal signal whose frequency increases or decreases over time (often with a polynomial expression for the relationship between time and frequency).

  9. History of smart antennas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_smart_antennas

    The company built a prototype MIMO-OFDM fixed wireless link running 100 Mbit/s in 20 MHz of spectrum in the 5.8 GHz band, and demonstrated error-free operation over six miles with one watt of transmit power. [63] Cisco Systems acquired Clarity Wireless in 1998 for its non-line of sight, vector OFDM (VOFDM) technology. [64]