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Importantly, individuals can also differ not only in their current state, but in the magnitude or even direction of response to a given stimulus. [5] Such phenomena, often explained in terms of inverted-U response curves, place differential psychology at an important location in such endeavours as personalized medicine, in which diagnoses are customised for an individual's response profile.
The multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) matrix is an approach to examining construct validity developed by Campbell and Fiske (1959). [1] It organizes convergent and discriminant validity evidence for comparison of how a measure relates to other measures.
The Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) is a non-verbal pictorial questionnaire that directly measures a person's affect and feelings in response to exposure to an object or an event, such as a picture. [1] It is widely used by scientists to determine emotional reactions of participants during psychology experiments due to its non-verbal nature.
The DES helps measure mood based on Carroll Izard's differential emotions theory, [3] The DES consists of thirty items, three for each of the ten fundamental emotions as visualized by Izard: interest, joy, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame/ shyness, and guilt, which are represented on 5-point Likert scale. [4]
The differential outcomes effect (DOE) is a theory in behaviorism, a branch of psychology, that shows that a positive effect on accuracy occurs in discrimination learning between different stimuli when unique rewards are paired with each individual stimulus. The DOE was first demonstrated in 1970 by Milton Trapold on an experiment with rats. [1]
Print/export Download as PDF; Printable version; ... Pages in category "Differential psychology" The following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. ...
The total test score is divided up into normally 3–5 ability levels which is then used to match individuals on ability prior to DIF analysis procedures. Using a minimum of 20 items allows for greater variance in the score distribution which results in more meaningful ability level groups.
The test was used in 1944 for assessing general intelligence, and was part of the Army Individual Test of General Ability. [3] In the 1950s [ 4 ] [ 5 ] researchers began using the test to assess cognitive dysfunction stemming from brain damage , and it has since been incorporated into the Halstead–Reitan battery . [ 3 ]