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The remaining 50% are due to non-biliary causes. This is because upper abdominal pain and gallstones are both common but are not always related. Non-biliary causes of PCS may be caused by a functional gastrointestinal disorder, such as functional dyspepsia. [6] Chronic diarrhea in postcholecystectomy syndrome is a type of bile acid diarrhea ...
Gallbladder diseases are diseases involving the gallbladder and is closely linked to biliary disease, with the most common cause being gallstones (cholelithiasis). [1] [2]The gallbladder is designed to aid in the digestion of fats by concentrating and storing the bile made in the liver and transferring it through the biliary tract to the digestive system through bile ducts that connect the ...
Patients with cholelithiasis typically present with pain in the right-upper quadrant of the abdomen with the associated symptoms of nausea and vomiting, especially after a fatty meal. The physician can confirm the diagnosis of cholelithiasis with an abdominal ultrasound that shows the ultrasonic shadows of the stones in the gallbladder.
In the developed world, 10 to 15% of adults have gallstones. [3] Of those with gallstones, biliary colic occurs in 1 to 4% each year. [3] Nearly 30% of people have further problems related to gallstones in the year following an attack. [3] About 15% of people with biliary colic eventually develop inflammation of the gallbladder if not treated. [3]
In developed countries, 10–15% of adults experience gallstones. [4] Gallbladder and biliary-related diseases occurred in about 104 million people (1.6% of people) in 2013 and resulted in 106,000 deaths. [8] [9] Gallstones are more common among women than men and occur more commonly after the age of 40. [2]
Biliary microlithiasis refers to the creation of small gallstones less than 3 mm in diameter in the biliary duct or gallbladder. It has been suggested [1] as a cause of postcholecystectomy syndrome, or PCS, the symptoms of which include: Upset stomach, nausea, and vomiting. Gas, bloating, and diarrhea. Persistent pain in the upper right abdomen ...
Gallbladder hepatization, which is biliary sludge filling the entire gallbladder, giving it an echogenicity similar to the liver (seen at left). The patient had a stone in the cystic duct. Biliary sludge is typically diagnosed by CT scan or transabdominal ultrasonography. [1] [2] Endoscopic ultrasonography is another more sensitive option.
In case of sudden onset, the disease is likely to be acute, while the gradual appearance of symptoms suggests chronic pathology. [2] In many cases, patients may experience pain in the abdominal area. Localization of pain to the upper right quadrant can be indicative of cholecystitis or choledocholithiasis, which can progress to cholestasis. [3] [4]