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The term ionometer was originally applied to a device for measuring the intensity of ionising radiation.Examples of radiation detectors described as ionometers can be found through to the 1950s but the term more often now means a device for measuring the chemical ion concentration of a fluid.
US 7164121, Hirano, Yoshiki & Shiokawa, Yoshiro, "Ion attachment mass spectrometry method", published 2007-01-16, assigned to Anelva Corp. US 7084397, Hirano, Yoshiki; Shiokawa, Yoshiro & Maruyama, Harumi et al., "Ion attachment mass spectrometry apparatus", published 2006-08-01, assigned to Anelva Corp.
Survey meters in radiation protection are hand-held ionising radiation measurement instruments used to check such as personnel, equipment and the environment for radioactive contamination and ambient radiation. The hand-held survey meter is probably the most familiar radiation measuring device owing to its wide and visible use.
Moisture is the main problem that affects the accuracy of ion chambers. The chamber's internal volume must be kept completely dry, and the vented type uses a desiccant to help with this. [ 2 ] Because of the very low currents generated, any stray leakage current must be kept to a minimum in order to preserve accuracy.
An ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions. [1] Ion sources are used to form ions for mass spectrometers , optical emission spectrometers , particle accelerators , ion implanters and ion engines .
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Many characteristics of the ion funnel are attributed to the stacked ring ion guide, however, the disks of an ion funnel vary in diameter down its long axis. There is a portion at the base of the ion funnel in which a series of cylindrical ring electrodes have decreasing diameters, which enables the ion cloud entering the ion funnel to be ...
The tip radius of this cone is extremely small (~2 nm). The huge electric field at this small tip (greater than 1 × 10 8 volts per centimeter) causes ionization and field emission of the gallium atoms. Source ions are then generally accelerated to an energy of 1–50 kiloelectronvolts (0.16–8.01 fJ), and focused onto the sample by ...