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Brahmagupta (c. 598 – c. 668 AD) was the first Indian scholar to describe gravity as an attractive force: [38] [39] [failed verification] [40] [41] [failed verification] The earth on all its sides is the same; all people on the earth stand upright, and all heavy things fall down to the earth by a law of nature, for it is the nature of the ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 26 February 2025. Indian mathematician and astronomer (598–668) Brahmagupta Born c. 598 CE Bhillamala, Gurjaradesa, Chavda kingdom (modern day Bhinmal, Rajasthan, India) Died c. 668 CE (aged c. 69–70) Ujjain, Chalukya Empire (modern day Madhya Pradesh, India) Known for Rules for computing with Zero ...
Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta is one of the first books to provide concrete ideas on positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero. [4] For example, it notes that the sum of a positive number and a negative number is their difference or, if they are equal, zero; that subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding a positive number; that the product of two negative numbers is positive.
The book begins its first chapter by discussing ancient history and old beliefs regarding gravity and what lies above. This includes a discussion of belief in gods and how those religious views were shaped by the existence of gravity and its prevalence on living beings and all matter. [ 1 ]
An illustration of God as the architect of the universe can be found in a Bible from the Middle Ages [6] and the comparison of God to an architect has been used by Christian apologists and teachers. Thomas Aquinas said in the Summa : "God, Who is the first principle of all things, may be compared to things created 'as the architect is to things ...
The proposal to describe gravity by means of a pseudo-Riemannian metric was first made by Einstein and Marcel Grossmann in the so-called Entwurf theory published 1913. [4] Grossmann identified the contracted Riemann tensor as the key for the solution of the problem posed by Einstein.
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The first gauge model of gravity was suggested by Ryoyu Utiyama (1916–1990) in 1956 [1] just two years after birth of the gauge theory itself. [2] However, the initial attempts to construct the gauge theory of gravity by analogy with the gauge models of internal symmetries encountered a problem of treating general covariant transformations and establishing the gauge status of a pseudo ...