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The Code is established by an organic law, the Organic Law 10/1995, of 23 November, of the Criminal Code (Ley Orgánica 10/1995, de 23 de noviembre, del Código Penal). Section 149(6) of the Spanish Constitution establishes the sole jurisdiction of the Cortes Generales over criminal law in Spain. The Criminal Code is structured through two books.
The term penology comes from "penal", Latin poena, "punishment" and the Greek suffix -logia, "study of". Penology is concerned with the effectiveness of those social processes devised and adopted for the prevention of crime, via the repression or inhibition of criminal intent via the fear of punishment. The study of penology therefore deals ...
The first penal law in independent Brazil was the imperial Criminal Code of 1830, issued on December 16, 1830 and approved by Emperor Pedro I.The General Assembly of the Empire determined that any offense or voluntary omission to the Code was to be considered a crime.
A 19th-century jail room at a Pennsylvania museum. A prison, [a] also known as a jail, [b] gaol, [c] penitentiary, detention center, [d] correction center, correctional facility, remand center, hoosegow, or slammer, is a facility where people are imprisoned under the authority of the state, usually as punishment for various crimes.
Penal labour is a term for various kinds of forced labour [1] that prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour. The work may be light or hard, depending on the context. [2] Forms of sentence involving penal labour have included involuntary servitude, penal servitude, and imprisonment with hard labour.
There is poor evidence to suggest that penal harm has a deterrent effect once an offender's imprisonment is over. [4] It forms a controversial appendage of a body of theory known as retribution; its perception as cruelty rather than justice may endanger both internal security and prospects for rehabilitation and goes against the humane ideal of most human rights advocates, possibly qualifying ...
arrêt de mise en accusation Judgment in a criminal proceeding. [1] See also: § mise en accusation. arrêt de non-lieu judgment of no case to answer. [1] [23] See also: § non-lieu. arrêt de renvoi a judgment referring a case back to another court. [1] arrêté order, decision, decree (of a minister, mayor, or other administrative officer) [1 ...