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2016 anthrax outbreak July 2016 1 human death (~100 infected) 2,300 animal deaths In July 2016, nearly 100 people were hospitalized amid an anthrax outbreak among nomadic communities in northern Siberia, Russia and more than 2,300 reindeer died from anthrax infections in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
The virulent Ames strain, which was used in the 2001 anthrax attacks in the United States, has received the most news coverage of any anthrax outbreak. The Ames strain contains two virulence plasmids , which separately encode for a three-protein toxin, called anthrax toxin , and a polyglutamic acid capsule .
The 2001 anthrax attacks, also known as Amerithrax (a portmanteau of "America" and "anthrax", from its FBI case name), [1] occurred in the United States over the course of several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001, one week after the September 11 attacks.
In April and May 1979 in the city of Sverdlovsk (population of 1.2 million [3]), an anthrax outbreak was reported. [ 1 ] 96 cases of anthrax infection were reported where 79 were gastrointestinal anthrax and 17 were cutaneous, of these cases 64 out of the 96 infected people died in a period of weeks.
On 2 April 1979, spores of Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax) were accidentally released from a Soviet military research facility in the city of Sverdlovsk, Soviet Union (now Yekaterinburg, Russia). The ensuing outbreak of the disease resulted in the deaths of at least 68 people, although the exact number of victims remains ...
Prognosis improved by early supportive treatments as seen in the West African epidemic and the Kivu outbreak. [23] [24] Marburg virus disease – all outbreaks combined Viral Untreated [23–90]% 23% in 1967 when it was first identified and 90% in 2004-2005 when the worst outbreak of the disease occurred.
Anthrax United States From 2005 to 2015, the U.S. Army Dugway Proving Ground mistakenly shipped live anthrax at least 74 times to dozens of labs. [41] [42] 2007-07 2007 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak: Foot-and-mouth-disease United Kingdom
The United States Army Biological Warfare Laboratories weaponized anthrax, tularemia, brucellosis, Q-fever and others. [ 51 ] In 1969, US President Richard Nixon decided to unilaterally terminate the offensive biological weapons program of the US , allowing only scientific research for defensive measures. [ 52 ]