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The Ilyushin Il-2 (Russian: Илью́шин Ил-2) is a ground-attack plane that was produced by the Soviet Union in large numbers during the Second World War.The word shturmovík (Cyrillic: штурмовик), the generic Russian term for a ground-attack aircraft, became a synecdoche for the Il-2 in English sources, where it is commonly rendered Shturmovik, Stormovik [3] and Sturmovik.
The VYa-23 cannon was mounted on Il-2 and Il-10 ground attack aircraft, on LaGG-3 and Yak-9 fighter aircraft, and on the experimental Mikoyan-Gurevich DIS long range fighter aircraft. [ 5 ] In spite of the large round, the VYa-23 proved to be a disappointment in its intended anti-tank role.
Some early versions of the Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft also carried it, but superseded in that aircraft by the 23 mm Volkov-Yartsev VYa-23. The flexible-mount ShVAK was used in the Petlyakov Pe-8 and Yermolayev Yer-2 bombers. [15] The tank version was installed on the T-38 and T-60 light tanks. [11]
The 23×152mmB [2] is a large-caliber cartridge used by the USSR/CIS in the VYa-23 aircraft autocannon the Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft and in the 2A7 and 2A14 autocannons on the ZU-23-2 anti-aircraft gun series and ZSU-23-4 "Shilka", among others.
A free-fall bomb rack releases the ordnance with the help of gravity from the rack when requirements for launch have been met, while an ejector-type bomb rack releases its payload by firing a cartridge-actuated device to ejects the ordnance. High speed attack and fighter aircraft are capable of creating a vacuum condition under the aircraft body.
The survivability of attack aircraft was guaranteed by their speed/power, protection (i.e. armor panels) and strength of construction; [12] Germany was the first country to produce dedicated ground-attack aircraft (designated CL-class and J-class). They were put into use in autumn 1917, [13] during World War I.
The bomb was designed within a case of a 2.5 kg bomb, with a case weight of 1.5 kg and 0.62 kg of explosives. The Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft could carry 280 PTAB bombs directly on the bomb-bay folds, or 4x48 in four cassettes.
In 1967, the Soviet Air Forces drew up a specification for a jet-powered shturmovik or armoured ground attack aircraft. While Sukhoi designed an all-new single seat aircraft, the Su-25, Ilyushin proposed a modified version of their Il-40 of 1953 under the designation Il-42, which, unlike the Sukhoi, was a two-seat aircraft with a remotely-controlled rear gun turret.