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Pope Innocent XI (Latin: Innocentius XI; Italian: Innocenzo XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 21 September 1676 until his death on 12 August 1689. Political and religious tensions with Louis XIV of France were a constant preoccupation for Innocent ...
A collection of popes have had violent deaths through the centuries. The circumstances have ranged from martyrdom (Pope Stephen I) to war (Lucius II), to an alleged beating by a jealous husband (Pope John XII). A number of other popes have died under circumstances that some believe to be murder, but for which definitive evidence has not been found. Martyr popes This list is incomplete ; you ...
The 1689 papal conclave was convened after the death of Pope Innocent XI.It led to the election of Cardinal Pietro Vito Ottoboni as Pope Alexander VIII.The conclave saw previous factions join together because they lacked numerical strength, and saw the rise of the zelanti as a political force in the election of the next pope.
Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial). This chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.
Once pope-elect, Innocent XI made the College swear to the Conclave capitulation that had been drafted by the previous conclave before accepting his election, in an attempt to avoid any limits to the papal supremacy. Innocent was then formally enthroned as pope on 4 October 1676. Cardinals Virginio Orsini and Carlo Bonelli both died during the ...
This is an incomplete list of papal bulls, listed by the year in which each was issued.. The decrees of some papal bulls were often tied to the circumstances of time and place, and may have been adjusted, attenuated, or abrogated by subsequent popes as situations changed.
The 1700 papal conclave was convened following the death of Pope Innocent XII. It ended in the election of Cardinal Giovanni Albani as Pope Clement XI. The conclave saw a rise in the dominance of the zelanti faction College of Cardinals. It remained deadlocked for a month until the death of the childless Charles II of Spain. The cardinal ...
Pope Innocent II (1130–1143) Pope Innocent III (1198–1216) Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254) Pope Innocent V (1276) Pope Innocent VI (1352–1362) Pope Innocent VII (1404–1406) Pope Innocent VIII (1484–1492) Pope Innocent IX (1591) Pope Innocent X (1644–1655) Pope Innocent XI (1676–1689) Pope Innocent XII (1691–1700) Pope Innocent ...