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Ethnographic map of the Austrian Empire c. 1855 which also shows the boundaries of the crown lands and Kreise. A Kreis (pl. Kreise) or 'Circle' was an administrative division of the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire between 1748 and 1867.
Since the East Prussian district reform of 1752, most of the area of the Angerburg district belonged to what was then the Seehesten district. [1] [2] As part of the Prussian administrative reforms, the “Ordinance for Improved Establishment of the Provincial Authorities” of April 30, 1815 resulted in a comprehensive district reform in all of East Prussia, as the districts established in ...
For most of its history, its lands were coterminous with the holdings of the Spanish Habsburgs in the Empire (Franche-Comté and the Habsburg Netherlands). The circle's territorial scope was reduced considerably in the 17th century with the secession of the Seven United Provinces in 1581 (recognized 1648 under the Treaty of Westphalia ) and the ...
Kreis (Habsburg monarchy), a former type of subdivision of the Habsburg monarchy and Austrian Empire; Reichkreise, or Imperial Circles, ceremonial associations of several regional monarchies (Reichsländer) and/or imperial cities (Reichsstädte) in the Holy Roman Empire
The district showed the fundamental problem of the whole empire: A strong influence of foreign rulers and micro-sized territories. After the Napoleonic wars the area went to Prussia , which in 1816 created the district as part of its Rhineland province.
Prussian provinces about 1900. Prussian districts (German: Kreise, lit. 'circles') were administrative units in the former Kingdom of Prussia, part of the German Empire from 1871 to 1918, and its successor state, the Free State of Prussia, similar to a county or a shire.
On 10 January 1920, all of Kreis Marienwerder's territory west of the Vistula became part of Poland. The territory east of the river was first administered by the governor of the Region of Königsberg .In a plebiscite on 11 July 1920, the inhabitants of the district voted to remain in the Free State of Prussia within Weimar Germany .
The most significant state by far in the circle was the Duchy of Bavaria (raised to an Electorate by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1623) with the Upper Palatinate territories. [1] Other Imperial Estates like the Prince- Archbishopric of Salzburg , the Prince-Bishoprics of Freising , Passau and Regensburg as well as the Imperial city of Regensburg ...