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NDIS Miniport drivers can also use Windows Driver Model interfaces to control network hardware. [19] Another driver type is NDIS Intermediate Driver. Intermediate drivers sit in-between the MAC and IP layers and can control all traffic being accepted by the NIC. In practice, intermediate drivers implement both miniport and protocol interfaces.
The core functionality of port drivers is mandated by the operating system, and Windows operating systems integrate a variety of port drivers. For example, the i8042prt.sys port driver for the 8042 microcontroller connects PS/2 keyboards to the mainboard peripheral bus. The miniport drivers, like the miniclass drivers, are supplied by the ...
Microsoft Windows versions prior to Windows Vista do not work with the networking parts of the USB CDC, instead using Microsoft's own derivative named Microsoft RNDIS, a serialized version of the Microsoft NDIS (Network Driver Interface Specification). With a vendor-supplied INF file, Windows Vista works with USB CDC and USB WMCDC devices. [1]
In Windows-based computers, memory can also be accessed via specific drivers such as DOLLx8KD which gives I/O access in 8-, 16- and 32-bit on most Windows platforms starting from Windows 95 up to Windows 7. Installing I/O port drivers will ensure memory access by activating the drivers with simple DLL calls allowing port I/O and when not needed ...
Miniport is a type of device driver in Microsoft Windows that implements hardware-specific or function-specific subset of the full driver stack. [1] Examples include: NDIS Miniport; WDM Miniport; Display Miniport; Audio Miniport; StorPort Miniport; WIA Minidriver; HID Minidriver; Bluetooth Protocol Driver
Third-party applications can add this ability, such as the open-source com0com, freeware HW VSP3, or the commercial Virtual Serial Port Driver. Some virtual serial ports emulate all hardware serial port functionality, including all signal pin states, and permit a large number of virtual ports in any desired configuration.
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Drivers that may be vulnerable include those for WiFi and Bluetooth, [19] [20] gaming/graphics drivers, [21] and drivers for printers. [ 22 ] There is a lack of effective kernel vulnerability detection tools, especially for closed-source OSes such as Microsoft Windows [ 23 ] where the source code of the device drivers is mostly not public (open ...