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A meta analysis has found evidence that in children with high-risk neuroblastoma, treatment with myeloablative therapy improves event-free survival but may increase the risk of side effects such as kidney problems when compared to conventional chemotherapy. [53]
It affects a little over 600 children per year in the United States. Most are diagnosed with stage IV disease, the most advanced form. Even with aggressive therapy, stage IV neuroblastoma carries a poor prognosis, with a three-year survival rate of 30–40%. [7] Compared with other types of cancer, neuroblastoma is rare.
Less than 50% of children survive more than 5 years, [1] while the majority of adults live to 7 years. [2] The reason the prognosis for such tumor is worst in children is due to the higher probability of the tumor spreading to the rest of the nervous system through the cerebrospinal fluid and growing again. [2]
The degree of differentiation of neuroblastoma is correlated to the prognosis, with a wide variety of outcomes (from tumor regression to recurrence and mortality). The standard of care is the use of chemotherapy, surgical resection and radiation, although most aggressive neuroblastomas have demonstrated to be resistant to these therapies.
One study concludes that: "Patients with OMA and neuroblastoma have excellent survival but a high risk of neurologic sequelae. Favourable disease stage correlates with a higher risk for development of neurologic sequelae. The role of anti-neuronal antibodies in late sequelae of OMA needs further clarification". [19]
Medulloblastomas affect just under two people per million per year, and affect children 10 times more than adults. [36] Medulloblastoma is the second-most frequent brain tumor in children after pilocytic astrocytoma [37] and the most common malignant brain tumor in children, comprising 14.5% of newly diagnosed brain tumors. [38]
The FDA shared the new classification of an October Costco smoked salmon recall as Class 1, the highest level. The fish tested positive for listeria.
All of these factors can contribute to an advanced disease state in high-risk patients. Amplification occurs within a protein called the MYCN oncogene. This protein is amplified in approximately 20% of primary neuroblastoma tumors and is associated with advanced disease state and treatment failure. [2]
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