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Apollo boilerplate command modules were used for tests of the launch escape system (LES) jettison tower rockets and procedures: BP-6 with Pad Abort Test-1 – LES pad abort test from launch pad; with photo. [citation needed] BP-23A with Pad Abort Test-2 – LES pad abort test of near Block-I CM; with photo. [citation needed]
Today the pad is fenced off, preventing visitors from walking beneath the pad or getting close enough to read the memorial plaques. Apollo 1 plaque at LC-34. After the decommissioning of LC-34, the umbilical tower and service structure were razed, leaving only the launch platform standing at the center of the pad.
Apollo Pad Abort Test 2. The Apollo program included several pad abort tests for the launch escape system with a boilerplate crew module. Pad Abort Test-1 was conducted on November 7, 1963, and; Pad Abort Test-2 was conducted on June 29, 1965. Both tests were conducted at the White Sands Missile Range.
The Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator, or Lunar Landing Walking Simulator, was a facility developed by NASA in the early 1960s to study human locomotion under simulated lunar gravity conditions. Located at NASA's Langley Research Center in Virginia, it was designed to prepare astronauts for the Moon landing during the Apollo program .
The concept was first tested in a pad abort test conducted at SLC-40, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, on May 6, 2015. [7] SpaceX tested the system on January 19, 2020, during a full-scale simulation of a Falcon 9 rocket malfunction at Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, where it has later launched crews to the International Space Station. [8]
A figure showing the Apollo spacecraft's launch abort system. A diagram showing the configuration of Crew Dragon Endeavor during the Demo-2 mission.. Traditionally, spacecraft like Apollo and Soyuz have utilized solid-fueled "puller" launch escape systems, with the main spacecraft beneath a protective fairing attached to the escape system.
Apollo Pad Abort Test 2 was the fifth of six uncrewed Apollo missions that flight tested the capability of the launch escape system (LES) to provide for safe recovery of Apollo crews under critical abort conditions. This flight was the second test of the launch escape system with the abort initiated from the launch pad.
A "plugs-out" test was planned for January, which would simulate a launch countdown on LC-34 with the spacecraft transferring from pad-supplied to internal power. If successful, this would be followed by a more rigorous countdown simulation test closer to the February 21 launch, with both spacecraft and launch vehicle fueled. [91]