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A cosmological argument can also sometimes be referred to as an argument from universal causation, an argument from first cause, the causal argument or the prime mover argument. The concept of causation is a principal underpinning idea in all cosmological arguments, particularly in affirming the necessity for a First Cause .
In a 2020 interview, Craig proposed that the Kalam cosmological argument could be adapted to the B-theory of time by: [90] Abandoning the metaphysical argument against forming an actual infinity by successive addition. Modifying the causal premise (replacing its appeal to the concept of 'coming into being' with the concept of 'beginning to exist').
Richard Granville Swinburne FBA (/ ˈ s w ɪ n b ɜːr n /; born 26 December 1934) is an English philosopher.He is an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford. ...
In cosmology, the steady-state model or steady state theory is an alternative to the Big Bang theory. In the steady-state model, the density of matter in the expanding universe remains unchanged due to a continuous creation of matter, thus adhering to the perfect cosmological principle , a principle that says that the observable universe is ...
Greek philosophers Aristarchus of Samos, Aristotle, and Ptolemy proposed different cosmological theories. The geocentric Ptolemaic system was the prevailing theory until the 16th century when Nicolaus Copernicus , and subsequently Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei , proposed a heliocentric system.
The astronomer Fred Hoyle introduced the term "Big Bang" in a 1949 BBC radio broadcast to refer to cosmological theories such as Lemaître's, according to which the Universe has a beginning in time. [31] [32] Hoyle remained throughout his life an opponent of such "Big Bang" theories, advocating instead a steady-state model of an eternal Universe.
In 2017, Vilenkin stated that he does not think there are any viable cosmological models that escape the scenario. [9] Sean M. Carroll argues that the theorem only applies to classical spacetime, and may not hold under consideration of a complete theory of quantum gravity. He added that Alan Guth, one of the co-authors of the theorem, disagrees ...
c. 16th century BCE – Mesopotamian cosmology has a flat, circular Earth enclosed in a cosmic ocean. [1]c. 15th–11th century BCE – The Rigveda of Hinduism has some cosmological hymns, particularly in the late book 10, notably the Nasadiya Sukta which describes the origin of the universe, originating from the monistic Hiranyagarbha or "Golden Egg".