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The site is called Abri de Cro-Magnon (Cro-Magnon rock shelter), now recognised as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [37] Abri means "rock shelter" in French, [citation needed] cro means "hole" in Occitan, [38] and Magnon was the landowner. [39] The original human remains were brought to and preserved at the National Museum of Natural History in ...
By the 1970s, new finds from Jebel Qafzeh in Israel, Combe-Capelle in Southern France, Minatogawa in Japan, the Kabwe skull from Zambia and several Paleo-Indians had considerably broadened the knowledge of early human populations. [18] The old term "Cro-Magnon" was replaced with "anatomically modern human" to encompass the expanding population ...
The Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel, Germany, 40,000 BP. The Aurignacians are part of the wave of anatomically modern humans thought to have spread from Africa through the Near East into Paleolithic Europe, and became known as European early modern humans, or Cro-Magnons. [4]
Cro-Magnon 1 (Musée de l'Homme, Paris) Two views of Cro-Magnon 2 (1875) [7]In 1868, workmen found animal bones, flint tools, and human skulls in the rock shelter. French geologist Louis Lartet was called for excavations, and found the partial skeletons of four prehistoric adults and one infant, along with perforated shells used as ornaments, an object made from ivory, and worked reindeer antler.
All these finds were found to group with Cro-Magnons rather than with Neanderthals, and the old term "Cro-Magnon" in some 1970s literature was extended to include what would today be called anatomically modern humans in general. [14] In this understanding of the term "Cro-Magnon", the short and stocky Chancelade man did not stand out.
The modern indigenous population of Europe is composed of three major foundational populations, dubbed "Western Hunter-Gatherers" (WHG), "Early European Farmers" (EEF) and "Ancient North Eurasian" (ANE). WHG represents the remnant of the original Cro-Magnon population after they re-peopled Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum.
"Cro-Magnon" refers not just to EEMH, it is and was variously used to refer to: the Cro-Magnon site, the individual Cro-Magnon fossils (Cro-Magnon 1 to Cro-Magnon 5), anatomically modern humans in general, and European anatomically modern humans. This ambiguous usage is precisely why the term is now deprecated.
Ancient North Eurasians are predominantly of West Eurasian ancestry (related to European Cro-Magnons and ancient and modern peoples in West Asia) who arrived in Siberia via the "northern route", but also derive a significant amount of their ancestry (c. 1/3) from an East Eurasian source, having arrived to Siberia via the "southern route".