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The Kazakh famine of 1930–1933, also known as the Asharshylyk, [a] was a famine during which approximately 1.5 million people died in the Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, then part of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in the Soviet Union, of whom 1.3 million were ethnic Kazakhs. [4]
The Soviet famine of 1930–1933 was a famine in the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union, including Ukraine and different parts of Russia, including Kazakhstan, [6] [7] [8] Northern Caucasus, Kuban Region, Volga Region, the South Urals, and West Siberia.
Soviet famine of 1932–1933, including famine in Ukraine, and famine in Kazakhstan, caused by Soviet collectivization policy, abnormal cold period, [124] and bad harvests in the years of 1931–1932.
The deadly Russian famine of 1921–1922 happened as a result of the ongoing civil war and garnered wide international attention, the most affected area being the Southeastern areas of European Russia (including Volga region, especially national republics of Idel-Ural, see 1921–22 famine in Tatarstan) and in Ukraine .
The most significant factors that shaped the ethnic composition of the population of Kazakhstan were the 1920s and 1930s famines. According to different estimates of the effects of the Kazakh famine of 1930–1933, up to 40% of Kazakhs (indigenous ethnic group) either died of starvation or fled the territory. [11]
Only next year in 1932-33 the famine spread outside of Ukraine to agricultural regions of Russia and Kazakhstan, while the "news blackout continued". [9] The famine led to the introduction of the internal passport system, due to the unmanageable flow of migrants to the cities. [9] The famine finally ended in 1933, after a successful harvest. [13]
Areas of most disastrous famine marked with black. American press with information about famine Pavlik Morozov (second row, in the middle): this is the only surviving photograph known of him. Due to the high government production quotas, peasants received, as a rule, less for their labour than they did before collectivization, and some refused ...
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