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Potassium chloride (KCl, or potassium salt) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. It is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance. The solid dissolves readily in water, and its solutions have a salt-like taste. Potassium chloride can be obtained from ancient dried lake deposits. [7]
As an example, a measured NO x concentration of 45 ppmv in a dry gas having 5 volume % O 2 is: 45 × ( 20.9 - 3 ) ÷ ( 20.9 - 5 ) = 50.7 ppmv of NO x. when corrected to a dry gas having a specified reference O 2 content of 3 volume %. Note: The measured gas concentration C m must first be corrected to a dry basis before using the above equation.
An alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide decomposes it to potassium chloride and potassium carbonate in water: [11] CCl 4 + 6 KOH → 4 KCl + K 2 CO 3 + 3 H 2 O. Carbon is sufficiently oxophilic that many compounds react to give phosgene:
Potassium bromide: Solid KBr −392.2 Potassium carbonate: Solid K 2 CO 3: −1150 Potassium chlorate: Solid KClO 3: −391.4 Potassium chloride: Solid KCl −436.68 Potassium fluoride: Solid KF −562.6 Potassium oxide: Solid K 2 O −363 Potassium nitrate: Solid KNO 3: −494.5 Potassium perchlorate: Solid KClO 4: −430.12 Silicon: Gas Si ...
With no potassium intake, it is excreted at about 200 mg per day until, in about a week, potassium in the serum declines to a mildly deficient level of 3.0–3.5 mmol/L. [107] If potassium is still withheld, the concentration continues to fall until a severe deficiency causes eventual death. [108]
The standard Gibbs free energy of formation (G f °) of a compound is the change of Gibbs free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 bar of pressure and the specified temperature, usually 298.15 K or 25 °C).
For example, Paraffin has very large molecules and thus a high heat capacity per mole, but as a substance it does not have remarkable heat capacity in terms of volume, mass, or atom-mol (which is just 1.41 R per mole of atoms, or less than half of most solids, in terms of heat capacity per atom).
With further heating, potassium perchlorate decomposes to potassium chloride and oxygen: KClO 4 → KCl + 2 O 2. The safe performance of this reaction requires very pure reagents and careful temperature control. Molten potassium chlorate is an extremely powerful oxidizer and spontaneously reacts with many common materials such as sugar.