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In approximately one-third of these cases the man is the factor, in one third the woman is the factor, and in the remaining third the infertility is a product of factors on both parts. In many lower-income countries, estimating infertility is difficult due to incomplete information and infertility and childlessness stigmas.
20-30% percent of infertility cases are due to male infertility, 20–35% are due to female infertility, and 25-40% are due to combined problems. [13] In 10–20% of cases, no cause is found. [13] The most common cause of female infertility is ovulatory problems, which generally manifest themselves by sparse or absent menstrual periods. [60]
Causes or factors of female infertility can basically be classified regarding whether they are acquired or genetic, or strictly by location.. Although factors of female infertility can be classified as either acquired or genetic, female infertility is usually more or less a combination of nature and nurture.
The giving of gluten free diet and correction of deficient dietary elements can lead to a return of fertility. [30] [31] It is likely that an effective evaluation for infertility would best include assessment for underlying celiac disease, both in men and women. [32] Drugs, alcohol; Strenuous riding (bicycle riding, [33] horseback riding)
In medicine, fertility refers to the ability to have children, and infertility refers to difficulty in reproducing naturally. [4] In general, infertility or subfertility [5] in humans is defined as not being able to conceive a child after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. [6]
About 10–15% of human couples are infertile, unable to conceive.In approximately in half of these cases, the underlying cause is related to the male. The underlying causative factors in the male infertility can be attributed to environmental toxins, systemic disorders such as, hypothalamic–pituitary disease, testicular cancers and germ-cell aplasia.
The average age of a girl's first period is 12 to 13 (12.5 years in the United States, [6] 12.72 in Canada, [7] 12.9 in the UK [8]) but, in postmenarchal girls, about 80% of the cycles are anovulatory in the first year after menarche, which declines to 50% in the third year, and to 10% by the sixth. [9]
The following will cover the advancements of female fertility agents, major causes of female infertility. Next, it emphasizes on common female fertility agents in terms of their mechanism of action, side effects, fetal consideration and clinical application and ended up by the introduction of supplements and herbal medicines for female infertility.