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In MOSFET technology especially, cascoding can be used in current mirrors to increase the output impedance of the output current source. A modified version of the cascode can also be used as a modulator, particularly for amplitude modulation. The upper device supplies the audio signal, and the lower is the RF amplifier device. High-voltage stack
A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being "copied" can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current.
This is the only first order source of mismatch in the three-transistor Wilson current mirror [8] Second, at high currents the current gain, β, of transistors decreases and the relation of collector current to base-emitter voltage deviates from = (). The severity of these effects depends on the collector voltage.
Another major drawback is the amplifier's limited high-frequency response. Therefore, in practice the output often is routed through either a voltage follower (common-drain or CD stage), or a current follower (common-gate or CG stage), to obtain more favorable output and frequency characteristics. The CS–CG combination is called a cascode ...
A current buffer stage may be added at the output to lower the gain between the input and output terminals of the amplifier (though not necessarily the overall gain). For example, a common base may be used as a current buffer at the output of a common emitter stage, forming a cascode. This will typically reduce the Miller effect and increase ...
This configuration is used less often than the common source or source follower.However, it can be combined with common source amplifiers to create cascode configurations. . It is useful in, for example, CMOS RF receivers, especially when operating near the frequency limitations of the FETs; it is desirable because of the ease of impedance matching and potentially has lower noi
EAGLE is a scriptable electronic design automation (EDA) application with schematic capture, printed circuit board (PCB) layout, auto-router and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) features. EAGLE stands for Easily Applicable Graphical Layout Editor (German: Einfach Anzuwendender Grafischer Layout-Editor) and is developed by CadSoft Computer GmbH.
A transconductance amplifier (g m amplifier) puts out a current proportional to its input voltage. In network analysis, the transconductance amplifier is defined as a voltage controlled current source (VCCS). These amplifiers are commonly seen installed in a cascode configuration, which improves the frequency response.