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There are 6 different sinus arrhythmia. [1] [2]A normal heart should have a normal sinus rhythm, this rhythm can be identified by a ventricular rate of 60-100 bpm, at a regular rate, with a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 second) and a normal QRS complex (0.12 second and less).
Electrocardiography is the process of producing an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG [a]), a recording of the heart's electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles. [4] It is an electrogram of the heart which is a graph of voltage versus time of the electrical activity of the heart [5] using electrodes placed on the skin.
Sinus arrhythmia characteristically presents with an irregular rate in which the variation in the R-R interval is more than 0.12 seconds (120 milliseconds). Additionally, P waves are typically mono-form and in a pattern consistent with atrial activation originating from the sinus node. [1]
[22] [23] A Holter monitor is an EKG recorded over a 24-hour period, to detect arrhythmias that may happen briefly and unpredictably throughout the day. [citation needed] A more advanced study of the heart's electrical activity can be performed to assess the source of the aberrant heart beats.
Rapid Interpretation of EKG's is a best-selling textbook for over 30 years [1] that teaches the basics of interpreting electrocardiograms. It adopts a simplistic fill-in-the-blank style [ 2 ] and is suited for medical students and junior residents. [ 1 ]
When the atrial rhythm is irregular (as in atrial fibrillation or sinus arrhythmia) the presence of bigeminy depends on the length of the P–P interval and happens more frequently with a longer interval. As with post PVC pauses, a longer P–P interval leads to a higher chance of re-entrant circuits and thus PVCs.
Accelerated junctional rhythm is when the rhythm of emerged impulses is more than 40 to 60 beats per minute, which is the natural range of the junction. It happens in some instances such as digoxin toxicity, and usually has a rate of between 60 and 100 bpm.
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a condition affecting repolarization (relaxing) of the heart after a heartbeat, giving rise to an abnormally lengthy QT interval. [7] It results in an increased risk of an irregular heartbeat which can result in fainting, drowning, seizures, or sudden death. [1]