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Gingival enlargement has a multitude of causes. The most common is chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement, when the gingivae are soft and discolored. This is caused by tissue edema and infective cellular infiltration caused by prolonged exposure to bacterial plaque, and is treated with conventional periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planing.
Redness or bleeding of gums while brushing teeth, using dental floss or biting into hard food (e.g., apples) (though this may also occur in gingivitis, where there is no attachment loss gum disease) Gum swelling that recurs; Spitting out blood after brushing teeth; Halitosis, or bad breath, and a persistent metallic taste in the mouth
Flap surgery/pocket reduction surgery: In advanced gum disease, flap surgery may be needed to reduce pocket depth and make cleaning the teeth and gums easier. During this surgery, the gum is ...
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; [1] ulitis is an alternative term. [2] The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.
In health, the junctional epithelium creates the most coronal attachment of the gum tissue to the tooth at or near the cementoenamel junction. In the established lesion of periodontal disease, the connective tissue lying subjacent to the junctional epithelium is nearly destroyed, failing to properly support the epithelium and buttress it ...
Typically the tooth is lifted using an elevator, and using dental forceps, specific tooth movements are performed (e.g. rocking the tooth back and forth) expanding the tooth socket. Once the periodontal ligament is broken and the supporting alveolar bone has been adequately widened the tooth can be removed.
Abnormal tooth position, such as tooth crowding, giving inadequate cover of one or more teeth by the jaw bone. [1] Piercings in the lip or tongue that wear away the gum by rubbing against it. [8] [9] Intentional gingival retraction. For example, the adult tooth may not grow out of the gum, and to remedy this, a procedure called an exposure is done.
Mucogingival surgery is a procedure where the gums are separated from teeth and temporarily folded back to allow the dentist to directly view and reach root surface of the tooth and bone. It is used for crown lengthening surgery.