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Targeted temperature management (TTM), previously known as therapeutic hypothermia or protective hypothermia, is an active treatment that tries to achieve and maintain a specific body temperature in a person for a specific duration of time in an effort to improve health outcomes during recovery after a period of stopped blood flow to the brain. [1]
Historically, clinicians reported that catheters cool at a quicker rate, [citation needed] however, a 2011 study published in the Society of Critical Care Medicine where 167 patients treated either with the Arctic Sun or the Alsius Coolgard Catheter demonstrated time from cardiac arrest to achieving mild therapeutic hypothermia was equal with ...
Hypothermia reduces vasogenic oedema, haemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration after trauma. [31] The release of excitatory neurotransmitters is reduced, limiting intracellular calcium accumulation. [32] [33] [34] Free radical production is lessened, which protects cells and cellular organelles from oxidative damage during reperfusion. [35]
Choice of rewarming method depends on the suspected extent of skin injury and severity of hypothermia (if present). [11] Passive rewarming techniques such as blankets may be sufficient for milder injuries. [11] Active rewarming techniques such as warm intravenous fluids or warm water baths may be needed for more severe injuries.
While moderate hypothermia may be satisfactory for short surgeries, deep hypothermia (20 °C to 25 °C) affords protection for times of 30 to 40 minutes at the bottom of this temperature range. Profound hypothermia (< 14 °C) usually isn't used clinically. It is a subject of research in animals and human clinical trials.
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Rewarming is typically continued until a person's temperature is greater than 32 °C (90 °F). [2] If there is no improvement at this point or the blood potassium level is greater than 12 millimoles per litre at any time, resuscitation may be discontinued. [2] Hypothermia is the cause of at least 1,500 deaths a year in the United States. [2]
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