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Key risk indicators are metrics used by organizations to provide an early signal of increasing risk exposures in various areas of the enterprise. It differs from a key performance indicator (KPI) in that the latter is meant as a measure of how well something is being done while the former is an indicator of the possibility of future adverse impact.
Economists, analysts, policymakers and investors take the economy's temperature by examining regularly released data sets called economic indicators. There are all kinds of economic indicators ...
A performance indicator or key performance indicator (KPI) is a type of performance measurement. [1] KPIs evaluate the success of an organization or of a particular activity (such as projects, programs, products and other initiatives) in which it engages. [ 2 ]
The per cent change year over year of the Leading Economic Index is a lagging indicator of the market directions. [1] A Federal Reserve Bank of New York report What Predicts U.S. Recessions? uses each component of the Conference Board's Leading Economic Index. That report said that the indicators signal peaks and troughs in the business cycle ...
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A lead–lag effect, especially in economics, describes the situation where one (leading) variable is cross-correlated with the values of another (lagging) variable at later times. [citation needed] In nature and climate, bigger systems often display more pronounced lag effects.
Lagging indicators are indicators that usually change after the economy as a whole does. Typically the lag is a few quarters of a year. The unemployment rate is a lagging indicator: employment tends to increase two or three quarters after an upturn in the general economy. [citation needed]. In a performance measuring system, profit earned by a ...
Applications include aviation safety, engineering, healthcare, emergency service organizations, and as the principle behind layered security, as used in computer security and defense in depth. Although the Swiss cheese model is respected and considered a useful method of relating concepts, it has been subject to criticism that it is used too ...