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Lampshades can be made out of a large variety of materials like paper, glass, fabric, stone, or any material that let light in. Often conical or cylindrical in shape, lampshades can be found on floor, desk, tabletop, or suspended lamps. The term can also apply to the glass or other materials hung around many designs of ceiling lamp.
Lithophane of Frederick the Great, lit from front.After a well known painting by Julius Schrader (1849). [1] The same lithophane, backlit. A lithophane is a thin plaque of translucent material, normally porcelain, which has been moulded to varying thickness, such that when lit from behind the different thicknesses show as different shades, forming an image.
The andon is a lamp consisting of paper stretched over a frame of bamboo, wood or metal. [1] The paper protected the flame from the wind. Burning oil in a stone, metal, or ceramic holder, with a wick of cotton or pith, provided the light. They were usually open on the top and bottom, with one side that could be lifted to provide access. [2]
Molly Kunselman, founder of Molly Kunselman Design, says, "Make your own from sheets of plaid wrapping paper. Drape the garland across a wall, mantle, banister or around your tree.
Today almost all paper is made using industrial machinery, while handmade paper survives as a specialized craft and a medium for artistic expression. In papermaking, a dilute suspension consisting mostly of separate cellulose fibres in water is drained through a sieve-like screen, so that a mat of randomly interwoven fibres is laid down.
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