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San Miguel Mission, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, established in 1610, is the oldest church in the United States.. The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but by the mid-1800s, most of the Spanish, French, and Mexican influences had demographically faded in importance, with Protestant Americans moving west and taking over many formerly Catholic regions.
The first significant Catholic immigration started in the mid-1840s and lowered the population from about 95% Protestant to about 90% by 1850. In 1848, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , concluding the Mexican War, extended U.S. citizenship to approximately 60,000 Mexican residents of the New Mexico Territory and 10,000 living in Mexican ...
In 1691 the New York Assembly passed the first anti-Catholic enactment, which was followed by laws strongly opposed to Catholics and their beliefs both in New York and New Jersey. Lord Cornbury, when appointed governor in 1701, was instructed by Queen Anne to permit liberty of conscience to all persons except "papists". [18]
Catholic Historical Review 101#2 (2015) pp: 156–222. online; Hunt, Thomas C., Ellis A. Joseph, and Ronald James Nuzzi. Catholic schools in the United States: An encyclopedia (2 vol, 2004). vol 2 online; Morris, Charles R. American Catholic: The Saints and Sinners Who Built America's Most Powerful Church (1998), popular history; O'Toole, James M.
Anti-Catholic animus in the United States reached a peak in the 19th century when the Protestant population became alarmed by the influx of Catholic immigrants. Fearing the end of times , some American Protestants who believed they were God's chosen people , went so far as to claim that the Catholic Church was the Whore of Babylon in the Book ...
Al Smith is the first Catholic presidential candidate in major parties. In 1928, Al Smith became the first Roman Catholic to gain a major party's nomination for president. [73] His religion became an issue during the campaign and was one of the factors in his loss. Many feared that he would answer to the pope and not the constitution.
Proselytism has continued however throughout the 20th century, with Latin America accounting for the largest Catholic population in the world. But since the 1960s, Protestant evangelism and new religious movements have begun to strongly compete with Catholicism in South America, while various approaches to evangelism have been developed.
The national university of the church, founded by the nation's bishops in 1887, is The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. The first Catholic college/university of higher learning established in the United States is Georgetown University, founded in 1789. [98]