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Nail clubbing, also known as digital clubbing or clubbing, is a deformity of the finger or toe nails associated with a number of diseases, anomalies and defects, some congenital, mostly of the heart and lungs.
Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition in which the lungs become scarred over time. [1] Symptoms include shortness of breath , a dry cough, feeling tired, weight loss, and nail clubbing . [ 1 ] Complications may include pulmonary hypertension , respiratory failure , pneumothorax , and lung cancer .
At present, the specific cause of shell nail syndrome is unknown. American doctors Chalmers E. Cornelius and Walter B. Shelley first characterized the morphogenesis of the condition in a 1967 Archives of Dermatology publication, stating: "this disorder can be explained by the production of a curved nail by a normal nail matrix which grows out as a shell to thus form a roof over the atrophic ...
Differential diagnosis includes non-specific interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease, and hypersensitivity pneumonia. DIP is primarily treated by quitting smoking, but it may not be enough in all cases. In moderate to severe cases, corticosteroids are used.
It is a type of chronic pulmonary fibrosis characterized by a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function. [6] [3] [4] The tissue in the lungs becomes thick and stiff, which affects the tissue that surrounds the air sacs in the lungs. [7] Symptoms typically include gradual onset of shortness of breath and a dry cough. [1]
Generally, people are diagnosed with yellow nail syndrome if they have two or three of the three classical symptoms (yellow nails, lymphedema and pleural effusion). The nail changes are considered essential for the diagnosis, but they can be subtle. [5] Pulmonary function testing can show obstruction of the airways. People with pleural ...
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