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We begin with the properties that are immediate consequences of the definition as a power series: e 0 = I; exp(X T) = (exp X) T, where X T denotes the transpose of X. exp(X ∗) = (exp X) ∗, where X ∗ denotes the conjugate transpose of X. If Y is invertible then e YXY −1 = Ye X Y −1. The next key result is this one:
With hindsight, however, it is considered the first general theorem of calculus to be discovered. [1] The power rule for differentiation was derived by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, each independently, for rational power functions in the mid 17th century, who both then used it to derive the power rule for integrals as the inverse ...
Exponential functions with bases 2 and 1/2. In mathematics, the exponential function is the unique real function which maps zero to one and has a derivative equal to its value. The exponential of a variable is denoted or , with the two notations used interchangeably.
In calculus, the reciprocal rule gives the derivative of the reciprocal of a function f in terms of the derivative of f.The reciprocal rule can be used to show that the power rule holds for negative exponents if it has already been established for positive exponents.
The derivative of the function at a point is the slope of the line tangent to the curve at the point. Slope of the constant function is zero, because the tangent line to the constant function is horizontal and its angle is zero. In other words, the value of the constant function, y, will not change as the value of x increases or decreases.
A simple two-point estimation is to compute the slope of a nearby secant line through the points (x, f(x)) and (x + h, f(x + h)). [1] Choosing a small number h, h represents a small change in x, and it can be either positive or negative. The slope of this line is (+) ().
In mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental tool that quantifies the sensitivity to change of a function's output with respect to its input. The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point.
Lemma 1. ′ =, where ′ is the differential of . This equation means that the differential of det {\displaystyle \det } , evaluated at the identity matrix, is equal to the trace. The differential det ′ ( I ) {\displaystyle \det '(I)} is a linear operator that maps an n × n matrix to a real number.