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  2. Continuous distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_distillation

    Image 1: Typical industrial distillation towers Image 2: A crude oil vacuum distillation column as used in oil refineries. Continuous distillation, a form of distillation, is an ongoing separation in which a mixture is continuously (without interruption) fed into the process and separated fractions are removed continuously as output streams.

  3. Column still - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_still

    In 1830, Irishman Aeneas Coffey patented the two-column, continuous distillation apparatus which bears his name, versions of which are now ubiquitous across the distilling industries. [7] The still allowed for the production of alcoholic spirit with an ethanol content of greater than 90%, though modern versions can achieve about 95%.

  4. McCabe–Thiele method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCabe–Thiele_method

    Constructing a McCabe–Thiele diagram is not always straightforward. In continuous distillation with a varying reflux ratio, the mole fraction of the lighter component in the top part of the distillation column will decrease as the reflux ratio decreases. Each new reflux ratio will alter the gradient of the rectifying section curve.

  5. Distillation Design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distillation_Design

    Distillation Design is a book which provides complete coverage of the design of industrial distillation columns for the petroleum refining, chemical and petrochemical plants, natural gas processing, pharmaceutical, food and alcohol distilling industries.

  6. Fractionating column - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractionating_column

    The heat entering a distillation column is a crucial operating parameter, addition of excess or insufficient heat to the column can lead to foaming, weeping, entrainment, or flooding. Figure 3 depicts an industrial fractionating column separating a feed stream into one distillate fraction and one bottoms fraction.

  7. Theoretical plate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theoretical_plate

    N t is then divided by the tray efficiency, E, to determine the actual number of trays or physical plates, N a, needed in the separating column. The final design choice of the number of trays to be installed in an industrial distillation column is then selected based upon an economic balance between the cost of additional trays and the cost of ...

  8. Modeling and simulation of batch distillation unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeling_and_simulation_of...

    The condensate is usually withdrawn intermittently having products or cuts of different concentrations. Batch distillation is used when the feed rate is not large enough to justify installation of a continuous distillation unit. It may also be used when the constituents greatly differ in volatility. [8] [9] Figure 1 show the batch distillation ...

  9. Stripping (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripping_(chemistry)

    Stripping is mainly conducted in trayed towers (plate columns) and packed columns, and less often in spray towers, bubble columns, and centrifugal contactors. [2] Trayed towers consist of a vertical column with liquid flowing in the top and out the bottom. The vapor phase enters in the bottom of the column and exits out of the top.

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