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Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. [20] [21] Unlike most other psychoactive substances, caffeine remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world. Caffeine is also an outlier as its use is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures with it even being encouraged.
The history of coffee dates back centuries, first from its origin in Ethiopia and later in Yemen. It was already known in Mecca in the 15th century. Also, in the 15th century, Sufi monasteries in Yemen employed coffee as an aid to concentration during prayers. [ 1 ]
Caffeine remains stable up to 200 °C (392 °F) and completely decomposes around 285 °C (545 °F). [190] Given that roasting temperatures do not exceed 200 °C (392 °F) for long and rarely if ever reach 285 °C (545 °F), the caffeine content of a coffee is not likely changed much by the roasting process. [191]
Both Gustav III and his father had read and been strongly influenced by a 1715 treatise from a French physician on the dangers of what would later be identified as caffeine in tea and coffee. [6] Gustav III viewed coffee consumption as a threat to the public health and was determined to prove its negative health effects. To this end he ordered ...
Caffeine can cause a physical dependence, if consumed in excessive amounts. [3] The need for caffeine can be identified when individuals feel headaches, fatigue and muscle pain 24 hours after their last energy drink. [4] Some commercially distributed drinks contain guarana, a South American berry with a caffeine content about twice that of ...
A coffee bearer, from the Ottoman quarters in Cairo (1857). The earliest-grown coffee can be traced from Ethiopia. [6] Evidence of knowledge of the coffee tree and coffee drinking first appeared in the late 15th century; the Sufi shaykh Muhammad ibn Sa'id al-Dhabhani, the Mufti of Aden, is known to have imported goods from Ethiopia to Yemen. [7]
The early history of coffee houses in England; with some account of the first use of coffee and a bibliography of the subject (1893) online; Van Horne Melton, James. 2001. The Rise of the Public in Enlightenment Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lillywhite, Bryant. 1963. London Coffeehouses.
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is the alkaloid most present in green and roasted coffee beans. The content of caffeine is between 1.0% and 2.5% by weight of dry green coffee beans. The content of caffeine does not change during maturation of green coffee beans, but higher caffeine content is found in plants grown at higher altitudes.