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Tesla coils achieve great gain in voltage by loosely coupling two resonant LC circuits together, using an air-core (ironless) transformer. Unlike a conventional transformer, whose gain is limited to the ratio of the numbers of turns in the windings, Tesla coils' voltage gain is proportional to the square root of the ratio of secondary and ...
This is a modern unipolar version commonly used in entertainment coils, with a toroidal-shaped metal capacitive load E on the high voltage terminal. The primary circuit is shown connected to the primary winding L1 with a variable tap, so that the primary and secondary coils can be adjusted to resonance.
This is a modern unipolar version of the circuit used for entertainment coils, in which one side of the secondary is grounded and the other side is connected to a toroidal-shaped capacitive high voltage terminal. A slightly different form of the circuit, with the positions of the capacitor and spark gap exchanged, is found at Tesla coil 3.svg
The extra coil or helical resonator can be physically separated from the two close-coupled coils which comprise the master oscillator or driver section. The power from the master oscillator is fed to the lower end of the extra coil resonator through a large diameter electrical conductor or pipe to minimize corona.
Tesla explains that in some applications (which he does not specify) the self-inductance of a conventional coil is undesired and has to be neutralised by adding external capacitors. The bifilar coil in this configuration has increased self-capacitance, thereby saving the cost of the capacitors.
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English: Schematic diagram of the circuit of the "magnifying transmitter", a Tesla coil circuit invented by Serbian-American engineer Nikola Tesla in the 1890s. It differs from ordinary two-coil Tesla coil circuits in that Tesla has added a third coil (L3) attached to the high voltage end of the secondary (L2), which is not magnetically coupled to the other two coils.