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Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison. As of 2020, the most expensive non-synthetic element by both mass and volume is rhodium. It is followed by caesium, iridium and palladium by mass and iridium, gold and platinum by volume.
At 30 °C, the equilibrium constant K = 2.33, while at 130 °C, K = 1.82. This difference is exploited for enriching deuterium in heavy water. [6]Hydrogen sulfide gas is circulated in a closed loop between the cold tower and the hot tower (although these can be separate towers, they can also be separate sections of one tower, with the cold section at the top).
Semiheavy water is the result of replacing one of the protium (normal hydrogen, 1 H) in normal water with deuterium (2 H; or less correctly, [1] D). [2] It exists whenever there is water with 1 H and 2 H in the mix. This is because hydrogen atoms (1,2 H) are rapidly exchanged between water molecules.
For instance, the heavy water used in CANDU reactors is a highly enriched water mixture that is mostly deuterium oxide D 2 O, but also some hydrogen-deuterium oxide and a smaller amount of ordinary water H 2 O. It is 99.75% enriched by hydrogen atom-fraction; that is, 99.75% of the hydrogen atoms are of the heavy type; however, heavy water in ...
Thus, deuterium accounts for about 0.0156% by number (0.0312% by mass) of all hydrogen in the ocean: 4.85 × 10 13 tonnes of deuterium – mainly as HOD (or 1 HO 2 H or 1 H 2 HO) and only rarely as D 2 O (or 2 H 2 O) (Deuterium Oxide, also known as Heavy Water)– in 1.4 × 10 18 tonnes of water.
Sodium deuteroxide or deuterated sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula Na O D or NaO 2 H. IUPAC recommends that the symbol for deuterium should be 2 H, [2] although most chemists use the term NaOD. It is a white solid very similar to sodium hydroxide, of which it is an isotopologue.
Deuterated DMSO, also known as dimethyl sulfoxide-d 6, is an isotopologue of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, (CH 3) 2 S=O)) with chemical formula ((CD 3) 2 S=O) in which the hydrogen atoms ("H") are replaced with their isotope deuterium ("D"). Deuterated DMSO is a common solvent used in NMR spectroscopy.
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