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Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), also known as ciguatera, is a foodborne illness caused by eating reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins. [ 4 ] [ 2 ] Such individual fish are said to be ciguatoxic . Symptoms may include diarrhea , vomiting, numbness, itchiness, sensitivity to hot and cold, dizziness , and weakness.
Such poisoning from ciguatoxins is known as ciguatera. Ciguatoxins are lipophilic , able to cross the blood–brain barrier , and can cause both central and peripheral neurologic symptoms. The major symptoms will develop within 1–3 hours of toxin ingestion: vomiting, diarrhea, numbness of extremities, mouth and lips, reversal of hot and cold ...
Eating fish containing a high enough dose of CTX-1 causes Ciguatera Food Poisoning (CFP). It is suspected that concentration of 0.08 ug/kg fish is high enough to cause clinical symptoms and concentrations over 0.1 ug/kg fish are considered a health risk. [15]
Afterwards, carnivorous fish, which are targeted by fishing industries, move the toxins further up the food chain. Ciguatera is the most common form of seafood poisoning caused by harmful algal blooms in the world and its incidence and range appear to spread. Best estimates indicate that more than 50,000 people are globally affected every year.
Ciguatera is found in algae that grows on coral reefs in tropical and subtropical waters like those surrounding the Keys. Fish that feed off the reef ingest the toxin in their flesh, and it moves ...
Gambierdiscus toxicus is a species of photosynthetic unicellular eukaryote belonging to the Alveolata, part of the SAR supergroup.It is a dinoflagellate which can cause the foodborne illness ciguatera, [1] and is known to produce several natural polyethers including ciguatoxin, maitotoxin, gambieric acid, and gambierol.
These ciguatoxins cause ciguatera fish poisoning. Because of the resemblance, there is a possibility that gambierol is also responsible for ciguatera fish poisoning. Because the natural source of gambierol is limited, biological studies are hampered. Therefore, chemical synthesis is required. [3]
At the same time, red meat, including beef, is categorized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a Group 2A carcinogen, meaning it "probably" causes cancer to humans - though the ...