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This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Dioxygen (O 2) plays an important role in the energy metabolism of living organisms. Free oxygen is produced in the biosphere through photolysis (light-driven oxidation and splitting) of water during photosynthesis in cyanobacteria, green algae, and plants.
[9] [10] [11] [7] Biology is the main driver of O 2 flux on modern Earth, and the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis by bacteria, which is discussed as part of the Great Oxygenation Event, is thought to be directly responsible for the conditions permitting the development and existence of all complex eukaryotic metabolism. [12] [13] [14]
Anatomical terms are not included here and appear in sub-categories of the main Anatomy category. Initially, some alignment between this category and the article Glossary of biology was considered, but the inclusion criteria for the Glossary is substantially broader and encompasses terminology, concepts, objects and processes.
Glossary of invasion biology terms; L. List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names; M. Glossary of mycology; N. Glossary of scientific naming; P.
The process of breathing does not fill the alveoli with atmospheric air during each inhalation (about 350 ml per breath), but the inhaled air is carefully diluted and thoroughly mixed with a large volume of gas (about 2.5 liters in adult humans) known as the functional residual capacity which remains in the lungs after each exhalation, and ...
Carbon dioxide also dissolves directly from the atmosphere into bodies of water (ocean, lakes, etc.), as well as dissolving in precipitation as raindrops fall through the atmosphere. When dissolved in water, carbon dioxide reacts with water molecules and forms carbonic acid , which contributes to ocean acidity.
Typical eukaryotic cell. Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are broken down in the presence of a hydrogen acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which stores chemical energy in a biologically accessible form.