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The harsh conditions on the frontier increased slave resistance and led owners and overseers to rely on violence for control. Many of the slaves were new to cotton fields and unaccustomed to the "sunrise-to-sunset gang labor" required by their new life. Slaves were driven much harder than when they had been in growing tobacco or wheat back
This was the case with, for example, thralls and American slaves. In other cases, children were enslaved as if they were adults. Usually, the mother's status determined if the child was a slave, but some local laws varied the decision to the father. In many cultures, slaves could earn their freedom through hard work and buying their own freedom.
A map of the Thirteen Colonies in 1770, showing the number of slaves in each colony [1]. The institution of slavery in the European colonies in North America, which eventually became part of the United States of America, developed due to a combination of factors.
Cultures as diverse as Egypt, in Africa, and Korea, in Asia, have had the rule that the children of enslaved women are born slaves themselves; towards the end of the first millennium AD, most slaves in Egypt were born to enslaved women. [5] A few years later, in 1036, Korea passed legislation whereby the children of slaves were also born slaves ...
Their children born afterward were enslaved until age 28 and legally could be bought and sold until then. "For Sale, the unexpired term of servitude of a Coloured Woman," read a May 31, 1827 ...
According to Michael W. Byrd, a dual system of medical care provided poorer care for slaves throughout the South, and slaves were excluded from proper, formal medical training. [32] This meant that slaves were mainly responsible for their own care, a "health subsystem" that persisted long after slavery was abolished. [33]
During the period from the late 19th century and early 20th century, demand for the labor-intensive harvesting of rubber drove frontier expansion and slavery in Latin America and elsewhere. Indigenous peoples were enslaved as part of the rubber boom in Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, and Brazil. [151]
From the 1680s onward, the majority of enslaved Africans imported into North America were shipped directly from Africa, and most of them disembarked in ports located in what is now the Southern U.S., particularly in the present-day states of Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, and Louisiana. Black women were often raped by white men. [38] [39]