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In the pediatric population, the shunt failure rate two years after implantation has been estimated to be as high as 50%. [23] Those patients with advanced age, prolonged hospital stay, GCS score of less than 13, extra-ventricular drains in situ, or excision of brain tumors are more likely to have early shunt malfunction. [24]
The most common complication from surgery is hydrocephalus, a condition in which fluid accumulates within the brain, and this is often treated with a shunt to divert the fluid away. The rate of shunts following surgery ranges from 14–23%. [ 6 ]
A craniotomy is a surgical operation in which a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain.Craniotomies are often critical operations, performed on patients who are suffering from brain lesions, such as tumors, blood clots, removal of foreign bodies such as bullets, or traumatic brain injury, and can also allow doctors to surgically implant devices, such as deep brain ...
Age Etiology Previous Shunt 0 < 1 month: Post-infectious: Previous shunt 10: 1 month to < 6 months: No previous shunt 20: Myelomeningocele, intraventricular hemorrhage, non-tectal brain tumor: 30: 6 months to < 1 year: Aqueductal stenosis, tectal brain tumor, other etiology: 40: 1 year to < 10 years: 50: ≥ 10 years
Surgical placement of a cerebral shunt: [25] An internal shunt drains into the subdural compartment. [26] A cystoperitoneal shunt drains to the peritoneal cavity. [27] Fenestration: Craniotomy with excision [28] Various endoscopic techniques are proving effective, [29] including laser-assisted techniques. [30] Drainage by needle aspiration or ...
Each of the types of shunts listed above can be composed of a tube or catheter and various types of valves, although they can just be composed of the tubing or catheter. Below is a list of valves that are used in lumbar–peritoneal shunts (LP shunts) and Cerebral shunts (for a more detailed list of the types of valves see type of valves): Delta
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Hydrocephalus is a condition in which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates in the brain, potentially leading to brain damage and death. It is corrected by a shunt which drains excess CSF from the brain to the abdomen. Shunts fail, typically by obstruction – a life-threatening medical condition requiring the surgical replacement of the shunt.