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This circuit consists of both quantum gates and measurements. Measurement is a quantum phenomenon that does not occur in classical circuits. In quantum information theory, a quantum circuit is a model for quantum computation, similar to classical circuits, in which a computation is a sequence of quantum gates, measurements, initializations of ...
In matters relating to quantum information theory, it is convenient to work with the simplest possible unit of information: the two-state system of the qubit.The qubit functions as the quantum analog of the classic computational part, the bit, as it can have a measurement value of both a 0 and a 1, whereas the classical bit can only be measured as a 0 or a 1.
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Entanglement swapping is a form of quantum teleportation. In quantum teleportation, the unknown state of a particle can be sent from one location to another using the combination of a quantum and classical channel. The unknown state is projected by Alice onto a Bell state and the result is communicated to Bob through the classical channel. [4]
Diagram for quantum teleportation of a photon. A true quantum repeater allows the end to end generation of quantum entanglement, and thus – by using quantum teleportation – the end to end transmission of qubits. In quantum key distribution protocols one can test for such entanglement. This means that when making encryption keys, the sender ...
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String diagrams for rigid categories can be defined as non-progressive plane graphs, i.e. the edges can bend backward. In the context of categorical quantum mechanics, this is known as the snake equation. The category of Hilbert spaces is rigid, this fact underlies the proof of correctness for the quantum teleportation protocol.
In quantum teleportation, a sender wishes to transmit an arbitrary quantum state of a particle to a possibly distant receiver. Consequently, the teleportation process is a quantum channel. The apparatus for the process itself requires a quantum channel for the transmission of one particle of an entangled-state to the receiver.