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The transformation zone, at the opening of the cervix into the vagina, is the area where most abnormal cell changes occur. Colposcopy (Ancient Greek: κόλπος, romanized:kolpos, lit. 'hollow, womb, vagina' + skopos 'look at') is a medical diagnostic procedure to visually examine the cervix as well as the vagina and vulva using a colposcope ...
Anal Pap smear. An anal Pap smear is the anal counterpart of the cervical Pap smear. [1] It is used for the early detection of anal cancer. Some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause anal cancer. [2] Other HPV types cause anogenital warts. Cigarette smokers, men who have sex with men, individuals with a history of immunosuppression ...
Pap test. The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and ...
604,127 new cases (2020) [11] Deaths. 341,831 (2020) [11] Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix or in the any layer of the wall of the cervix. [2] It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [12] Early on, typically no symptoms are seen. [2]
The following is a list of instruments that are used in modern obstetrics and gynaecology. [1][2] Instrument. Uses. Speculum. A specialized form of vaginal speculum is the weighted speculum, which consists of a broad half tube which is bent at about a 90 degree angle, with the channel of the tube on the exterior side of the angle.
Cervical cancer screening is a medical screening test designed to identify risk of cervical cancer. Cervical screening may involve looking for viral DNA, and/or to identify abnormal, potentially precancerous cells within the cervix as well as cells that have progressed to early stages of cervical cancer. [1][2] One goal of cervical screening is ...
Loop electrical excision procedure. The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is one of the most commonly used approaches to treat high grade cervical dysplasia (CIN II/III, HGSIL) and early stage cervical cancer discovered on colposcopic examination. In the UK, it is known as large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ).
Hysterosalpingography (HSG), also known as uterosalpingography, [1] is a radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes. It is a special x-ray procedure using dye to look at the womb (uterus) and fallopian tubes. [2] In this procedure, a radio-opaque material is injected into ...