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  2. Albedo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo

    Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of radiosity J e to the irradiance E e (flux per unit area) received by a surface. [2] The proportion reflected is not only determined by properties of the surface itself, but also by the spectral and angular distribution of solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. [3]

  3. Cloud albedo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_albedo

    Cloud albedo is a measure of the albedo or reflectivity of a cloud. Clouds regulate the amount of solar radiation absorbed by a planet and its solar surface irradiance . Generally, increased cloud cover correlates to a higher albedo and a lower absorption of solar energy .

  4. Albedo feature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albedo_feature

    In planetary geology, an albedo feature is a large area on the surface of a planet (or other Solar System body) which shows a contrast in brightness or darkness with adjacent areas. Historically, albedo features were the first (and usually only) features to be seen and named on Mars and Mercury .

  5. Reflective surfaces (climate engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflective_surfaces...

    The albedo of several types of roofs (lower values means higher temperatures). Reflective surfaces, or ground-based albedo modification (GBAM), is a solar radiation management method of enhancing Earth's albedo (the ability to reflect the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths of the Sun, reducing heat transfer to the surface).

  6. Tipping points in the climate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the...

    Examples of tipping points include thawing permafrost, which will release methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, or melting ice sheets and glaciers reducing Earth's albedo, which would warm the planet faster. Thawing permafrost is a threat multiplier because it holds roughly twice as much carbon as the amount currently circulating in the atmosphere.

  7. Biological soil crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust

    Biological soil crusts cover about 12% of the earth's landmass. [7] They are found on almost all soil types, but are more commonly found in arid regions of the world where plant cover is low and plants are more widely spaced. This is because crust organisms have a limited ability to grow upwards and cannot compete for light with vascular plants.

  8. Ice–albedo feedback - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice–albedo_feedback

    Ice–albedo feedback is a climate change feedback, where a change in the area of ice caps, glaciers, and sea ice alters the albedo and surface temperature of a planet. Because ice is very reflective, it reflects far more solar energy back to space than open water or any other land cover. [1] It occurs on Earth, and can also occur on exoplanets ...

  9. Rewilding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewilding

    Rewilding's creation of new ecosystems and restoration of existing ones can contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation through, inter alia, carbon capture and storage, altering the Earth's albedo, natural flood management, reduction of wildfire risk, new habitat creation, and enabling or facilitating the movement of species to new ...